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	<title>Freiheit nehmen &#8211; /bin &#8211; basisgruppe informatik</title>
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		<title>#3: Fairphone  Ubuntu 12.04 LTS</title>
		<link>https://blog.diebin.at/1508/3-fairphone-ubuntu-12-04-lts</link>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jan 2014 20:19:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andyka]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Freiheit nehmen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[howto]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.diebin.at/?p=1508</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[You know ADB? Android Debugger Bridge? It lets you interact with your device from your Desktop. If your Desktop has Windows as operating system, it&#8217;s likely that the Fairphone will be detected automatically. On my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS this was<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span><div class="read-more"><a href="https://blog.diebin.at/1508/3-fairphone-ubuntu-12-04-lts">Read more &#8250;</a></div><!-- end of .read-more -->]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You know ADB? Android Debugger Bridge? It lets you interact with your device from your Desktop. If your Desktop has Windows as operating system, it&#8217;s likely that the Fairphone will be detected automatically. On my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS this was not the case. The command line <code>adb devices</code> showed:</p>
<p><code> List of devices attached<br />
???????????? no permissions</code></p>
<p>This posting is about (1) granting ourselves permissions and (2) finding out that the Fairphone has a chipset from Mediatek, one of the biggest fabric-less semiconductor companies.</p>
<p><img id="irc_mi" alt="" src="http://static.mediamatic.nl/f/hkxf/image/612/2170-625-221.jpg" width="124" height="43" />                      <img id="irc_mi" alt="" src="http://cdn.eteknix.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Mediatek-Logo.jpg" width="95" height="48" />                  <img title="The Ubuntu logo" alt="The Ubuntu logo" src="http://design.ubuntu.com/wp-content/uploads/ubuntu-logo14.png" width="108" height="48" /></p>
<p>Mediatek conquered the market already in the age of feature phones (you know, these mostly touchscreen-less mobile phones with a physical numpad and monochrome displays). Mediatek was one of the factors why mobile phones became so cheap and wide-spread, because Mediatek had the idea of packaging software and hardware together. Before Android and iOS made the App hype emerge, Mediatek let the Shanzhai phenomenon happen by selling a platform, not only a single chip. The hardware was shipped with a reference design and software that allowed customization. This way <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanzhai#Shanzhai_products">Shanzhai vendors</a> emerged for example in China, providing farmers and migration workers with cheap but somehow fancy cell phones. The Shanzhai vendors were kind of unofficial vendors, mostly family-driven. They imitated the look of major brands and customized the features to their needs and the needs of their relatives.</p>
<p><span id="more-1508"></span></p>
<p><strong>Why ADB?</strong><br />
Before going into the issue with ADB: Why would you want to make ADB work at all? Here is a list of ADB commands that I find useful:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>adb install /path/to/apk/myApp.apk</code><br />
Install the App myApp.apk directly to the device, for example if you develop your own app and want to install it from the command line.</li>
<li><code>adb uninstall packagename</code><br />
Uninstall a particular app. You need to know the package name (jump to list items further to see how to get a list of all package names)</li>
<li><code>adb shell</code><br />
Gives you a terminal to your device (which acts similar to a linux terminal, but with restricted commands). That&#8217;s one of the most powerful tools to tinker with your Android system!</li>
<li><code>adb shell pm list packages</code><br />
Lists all the packages that are installed on your phone</li>
<li><code>adb shell input text LONG TEXT YOU WANT TO INPUT</code><br />
Inserts a text into the currently focused text field (useful if you need to type long URLs)</li>
<li><code>adb push fromDesktop.txt toDevice.txt</code><br />
copies the file fromDesktop.txt on the desktop to the device with the filename toDevice.txt</li>
<li><code>adb pull fromDevice.txt /home/users/diebin/coolStuff.txt</code><br />
the other way around: from Phone to Desktop</li>
</ul>
<p>Further commands can be found in the <a href="https://developer.android.com/tools/help/adb.html#pm">official developers page of Android</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Permission denied?</strong></p>
<p>First things first. Why don&#8217;t we have permission to access the Fairphone? That&#8217;s not fair. The reason is that as normal user in Ubuntu we don&#8217;t have the permission to access the device out of the box.  Let&#8217;s fix it:<br />
The blog &#8220;<a href="https://rechtzeit.wordpress.com/2011/02/24/adb-devices-shows-no-permissions/">rechtzeit</a>&#8221; gave us the means to proceed further:</p>
<ol>
<li>Ubuntu allows to view verbose information on the devices that are connected via USB with the following command:<br />
<code><code><code>lsusb</code></code></code></li>
<li>The relevant line for the Fairphone is:
<p><code><code><code>Bus 001 Device 010: ID 0bb4:0c03 High Tech Computer Corp.</code></code></code><br />
You can extract the following information from this line:<br />
<code><code>Vendor ID 0bb4<br />
Device ID 0c03<br />
Bus    Nr 001<br />
Device Nr 010</code></code></li>
<li>Next, gather more information by using the busname <code>001</code> and the device number <code>010</code>:<br />
<code><code><code><code>udevadm info --attribute-walk --name=/dev/bus/usb/001/010</code></code></code></code><br />
This gives:<br />
<code><code><code>looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.7/usb1/1-5':<br />
KERNEL=="1-5"<br />
SUBSYSTEM=="usb"<br />
DRIVER=="usb"<br />
ATTR{configuration}==""<br />
ATTR{bNumInterfaces}==" 2"<br />
ATTR{bConfigurationValue}=="1"<br />
ATTR{bmAttributes}=="c0"<br />
ATTR{bMaxPower}=="500mA"<br />
ATTR{urbnum}=="1608"<br />
ATTR{idVendor}=="0bb4"<br />
ATTR{idProduct}=="0c03"<br />
ATTR{bcdDevice}=="0255"<br />
ATTR{bDeviceClass}=="00"<br />
ATTR{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"<br />
ATTR{bDeviceProtocol}=="00"<br />
ATTR{bNumConfigurations}=="1"<br />
ATTR{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"<br />
ATTR{speed}=="480"<br />
ATTR{busnum}=="1"<br />
ATTR{devnum}=="12"<br />
ATTR{devpath}=="5"<br />
ATTR{version}==" 2.00"<br />
ATTR{maxchild}=="0"<br />
ATTR{quirks}=="0x0"<br />
ATTR{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"<br />
ATTR{authorized}=="1"<br />
ATTR{manufacturer}=="MediaTek"<br />
ATTR{product}=="MT65xx Android Phone"<br />
ATTR{serial}=="0123456789ABCDEF"</p>
<p></code></code></code>My personal translation of this long list is:<br />
Product: MT65xx Android Phone<br />
Manufacturer: MediaTek<br />
Serialnumber: 0123456789ABCDEF (looks kind of dummy)<br />
Hm, why MediaTek? I googled around and found: Indeed, Fairphone, uses a <a href="http://www.mediatek.com/_en/promotion/MT6589_overview.php">Mediatek 6589 chipset</a> &#8211; with Quadcore CPU btw!</p>
<p><strong><strong>Intermezzo: MediaTek and platformization before Android and iOS</strong></strong></p>
<p>I was not really following the whole Fairphone assembly process, I only briefly read their newsletters. What about this company? Mediatek is a Taiwanese company. Of course they have a <a href="http://www.mediatek.com/_en/06_citizenship/corporate.php">corporate responsibility</a> subpage. Not yet sure, what that means for the people who produce the chipsets. Especially, since Mediatek is a fabless company, that means they do not have fabrics and assembly lines. One can assume that the dirty work is outsourced in order to afford corporate responsibility.</p>
<p>Moreoever, what I have found after some web research is an interesting article about <a href="http://www.visionmobile.com/blog/2013/05/the-mediatek-phenomenon-the-new-smartphone-disruption/">platformization on the hardware level</a>: We all know operating systems as platforms. On the desktop, it was Mac OS X or Microsoft Windows. On the smartphone, it was iOS and Android. But those platforms rely on smartphone hardware. One essential physical part of a mobile phone was the baseband processor, a chip that processes signals in order to establish wireless connection between the phone and the carrier provider stations. Over time the vendors who produced the baseband processors were able to sell a set of chips (chipset) that has embedded wifi, graphical processor units, system memory, etc included. So everything comes from one vendor. The major vendors of mobile chipsets are Broadcom, Qualcomm, and&#8230; <em>MediaTek</em>. I have this information from the references article above, written by Jonathan Goldberg (UK). He actually refers to Professor Willy C. Shih at Harvard University. To <a href="http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=194874">judge from Shih&#8217;s profile</a>, he has quite some experience in the hardware and software field (from semiconductors to Java to intellectua property disputes ) and now transmits it in MBA programs at Harvard. Research focus is on competitive dynamics and multi-country production in technology. Unfortunately his papers are not available for free. But I found others who cite his papers about MediaTek. For example &#8220;<a href="http://www.cier.edu.tw/public/Data/2013-1.pdf">The Evolution of China&#8217;s Mobile phone Industry and good-enough Innovation</a>&#8220;.</p>
<p>Before the arrival of smartphones, bottom-up innovation was happening in Chinas production of mobile phones. Those phones were called Shanzhai phones. Shanzhai refers to kind of family-based non-official manufacturers that produce imitations of well-branded products, but low-cost and with a lot of variations and customizations. MediaTek&#8217;s baseband was increasingly incorporated in such Shanzhai phones. After the rise of smartphones, the trend is apparently towards bigger and official vendors, but MediaTek still plays a big role, as we can see in the Fairphone. But who actually produced the hardware that is now lying on my desk? Let&#8217;s keep this for another article and move on <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/2.4/72x72/1f642.png" alt="🙂" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
<p><strong>Let&#8217;s give ourselves the permission to access our own device</strong></li>
<li>Now we need to add a rule to the system such that UDEV (the device manager) knows that it can give us (and ADB) access to the device:<br />
<code><code><code>sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-android.rules</code></code></code></p>
<p>Add the following content:<br />
<code><code>SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0bb4", OWNER="yourUsername" GROUP="yourGroupProbablySameAsUsername", MODE="666"</code></code></p>
<p>The blog &#8216;rechtzeit&#8217; mentioned<br />
<code>SYSFS{idVendor}<br />
instead of<br />
ATTR{idVendor}.</p>
<p>B</code>ut this would not identify the device in my case. You need to compare against the output of <code>udevadm</code> in step 3. The line above worked for me.</li>
<li>Reconnect the device, and check if the permissions are now properly set:<br />
<code><code><code>ls -l /dev/bus/usb/01/010</code></code></code><br />
The effect of those 5 steps is, that instead of just root having the permissions of accessing the device, also the user and group have.<br />
In other words, the output of the <code>ls</code> command line should be:<br />
<code><code><br />
crw-rw-rw- 1 yourUsername yourGroup 189, 12 Jän 18 17:20 /dev/bus/usb/001/010<br />
</code></code><br />
rather than:<br />
<code><code><code><br />
crw-rw-r-- 1 root root 189, 11 Jän 18 17:14 /dev/bus/usb/001/010</code></code></code></li>
<li>Try again <code>adb devices</code>:<br />
<code><code><code>List of devices attached<br />
0123456789ABCDEF    device</code></code></code></p>
<p>Voilà! We granted ourselves the permissions we need to exercise the possibilities that the Fairphone offers, together with ADB.</li>
</ol>
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		<title>#2: Migrate to Fairphone. Calendar Mess</title>
		<link>https://blog.diebin.at/1496/2-migrate-to-fairphone-calendar-mess</link>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Jan 2014 01:38:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andyka]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Freiheit nehmen]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.diebin.at/?p=1496</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The first post of this blog series (written in German) was A New Year&#8217;s resolution to gain more control in the digital sphere. It just happened that the devices that we are supposed to own transformed themselves from being a<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span><div class="read-more"><a href="https://blog.diebin.at/1496/2-migrate-to-fairphone-calendar-mess">Read more &#8250;</a></div><!-- end of .read-more -->]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The <a href="https://blog.diebin.at/1484/freiheit-nehmen-im-cyberspace-1-vorsatze">first post</a> of this blog series (written in German) was A New Year&#8217;s resolution to gain more control in the digital sphere. It just happened that the devices that we are supposed to own transformed themselves from being a tool to a place that is highly controlled by organizations rather than individuals. In particular my smartphone. While the phone may be called smart, it is not smart to just let the phone do whatever it does, but rather shape it based on some criteria. But which criteria? Let&#8217;s start exploring, first of all.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve got a Fairphone (model: FP1) about a week ago. It shipped with the Android version 4.2.2 and root access (with root, I can change the way how the device functions, for example block internet access for some applications). Today, I want to make it a phone for everyday usage. To do that, I will download and transfer my current data: Mails, Calendar, Contacts, Notes, Messages, &#8230; to the Fairphone. This gives me a chance to re-evaluate the services that I consumed and the habits with my old phone, a Samsung Galaxy S2, with Android 4.0.2 on it, non-rooted.</p>
<p><a href="https://blog.diebin.at/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/calendarMess.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-1498" src="https://blog.diebin.at/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/calendarMess-1024x770.jpg" alt="calendarMess" width="550" height="413" srcset="https://blog.diebin.at/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/calendarMess-1024x770.jpg 1024w, https://blog.diebin.at/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/calendarMess-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /></a><br />
As you will see in this article, migrating Calendar events to another device that is a few centimeter away, is quite a technical and time-consuming endeavour, even for somebody who studied and works in computer science and decides not to use Google calendar for synchronization. This is how platforms usually work: &#8220;Many ways in, but no way out&#8221;. At least no comfortable way out.</p>
<p><span id="more-1496"></span></p>
<p><strong>How to get software? Alternatives to Google Play</strong></p>
<p>In the mobile environment, software is not so much free-floating in different places, but rather consolidated in App Stores. An App Store is a software that allows to install and update software, rate and comment on software, etc. The authors of such an App Store have the power to publish and remove Apps as they like. They can make software more visible depending on their own criteria. And the App developers give away some control and get a bigger target group. For example, Google maintains its own App Store called &#8220;Google Play&#8221; and sometimes removes Apps because it violates the terms &amp; conditions that every App developer must accept in order to publish an APK to &#8220;Google Play&#8221;. In one way, this is good, because it more or less reliably protects users from malicious apps that tend to spy on you, remotely control your device, enable the camera or the microphone without you ever notice. So there are sorts of quality control in place: Semi-automatic reviews from Google employees and comments and reports from the users. The comments from the users do not have a regular influence on the appearance and disappearance of the App.</p>
<p>Most smartphone users automatically assume that when you have a smartphone, you always have one central place to download new Apps. This makes those devices easy to use, especially for users that are afraid of installation wizards and Setup routines in Desktop computers. Two clicks are needed: The first click to download, the second click to accept the list of permissions that the app demands. You cannot restrict the permissions yourself. Google introduced a hidden permission manager for Android 4.3, but then removed it again in Android 4.4. They say, <a href="http://www.engadget.com/2013/12/13/google-removes-apps-ops-permission-manager/">they released it by accident</a>. The message to the user is: &#8220;Take it or leave. Don&#8217;t be evil!&#8221;</p>
<p>First observation: The Fairphone does not have an App Store pre-installed. One reason might be that the <a href="https://fairphone.zendesk.com/hc/communities/public/questions/200693816-Stock-Android?locale=en-us">Fairphone has not yet licensed Google Play. </a>Hovever, there are instructions on the main screen how to manually install Google products. I skip further documentation on how Google has means to control the Android landscape, but it would be interesting to get more substantial information than the one provided in <a href="http://source.android.com/faqs.html#what-is-the-role-of-google-play-in-compatibility">source.android.com</a>.</p>
<p>The absence of Google Apps is a great opportunity! It gives me the chance to try alternatives to the Google Play and remove the hard dependency on a Google account.</p>
<p>Hence, I downloaded the F-Droid APK (an APK is a package that contains the Android App and some metadata like a list of permissions that the app demands). <a href="https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/">F-Droid</a> was founded in 2010 by <a href="http://ciarang.com/">Ciaran Gultnieks</a> and only offers free and open source Android Apps. They manually build the source code of each submitted App instead of just forwarding the provided APK to the user. This gives an additional guarantee that the package that can be downloaded in F-Droid is derived from the source code. In other words: For each App in the F-Droid store, you can review the actual source code of the App that is currently executing on your device. Moreover, the F-Droid community checks for non-desirable features (&#8220;Anti-features&#8221;) within the App, for example advertisements, device tracking, or dependencies on non-free applications. You will also find Apps that Google does not want to have in Google Play because it does not fit into their business model, for example, check out <a href="https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdfilter=NetMBuddy&amp;fdid=free.yhc.netmbuddy">NetMBuddy</a> &#8211; which allows you to listen to music from YouTube servers if the App is in background.</p>
<p><strong>Synchronizing Mails</strong></p>
<p>By using F-Droid, I found and installed <a href="https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdfilter=K-9%20Mail&amp;fdid=com.fsck.k9">K-9 Mail</a>, which I was already using earlier. In my opinion, K-9 Mail is the best alternative to Google Mail in the Android environment. With K-9 Mail I can already sync and read mails from the mail server hosted in an Austrian data center. I don&#8217;t yet have a server hosted at home, but I might give the HP ProLiant Microserver Gen8 a try, and/or get a Raspberry Pi. So you see, this is far from making myself completely independent from platform providers (which is anyway an illusion), but to decide based on my own criteria, when and how to take advantage of existing offerings and when it is better to spend additional effort.</p>
<p>Nice to know (but not tried yet): K9 Mail integrates well with <a href="https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdfilter=apg&amp;fdid=org.thialfihar.android.apg">APG</a> (<a href="http://openpgp.org">OpenPGP</a> for Android). After installing APG with F-Droid, you can sign,  encrypt, decrypt, and verify the integrity of mails after you have imported  the secret and public keys. It even allows you to create the keys on the device (although this is beta).</p>
<p>Mails: Check.</p>
<p><strong>Synchronizing the Calendar: &#8220;Many ways in, but no way out.&#8221;</strong></p>
<p>You think you own your device and can simply export the calendar data from the calendar app? I was also surprised that there is no built-in export function in the official Android Calendar app. While you can always use Google Calendar to synchronize events across devices, I do not want to do that.</p>
<p>So what are the alternatives? The synchronization menu in the Samsung S2 offers the following sync servers:</p>
<p>Facebook, Yahoo, Google, Microsoft. No thanks. What is this generic &#8220;Server&#8221;? I tried to figure it out by entering an arbitrary URL in the configuration and intercepting the traffic between the smartphone and the remote host with Charles Proxy, but its just a HTTP GET request with no payload in it. So I assume, this is just fake until someone proves me wrong.</p>
<p>Next try. The open source Android application named CalDAV sync (available in Play Store and F-Droid) requires a CalDAV server to sync calendar data. CalDAV is the name of a standardized protocol specified in <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4791">RFC4791</a> which is an extension of another protocol (WebDAV) which is an extension of another protocol (HTTP). OK, here we go. For now, I don&#8217;t want all-time-syncronization, but just transfer my events between two phones. So I need a temporary CalDAV server on my desktop computer. Who can help? The Wikipedia platform. It has <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV#Servers">a list of CalDAV servers</a>: I planned to choose something lightweight: <a href="http://baikal-server.com/#download">Baïkal,</a> but that did not work out for some reason. &#8220;Time is short. Keep it simple&#8221; was what I wanted to say. But I ended up with <a href="http://scottlee.me/owncloud-vm/">a full-fledged virtual Ubuntu Server installation and on top of it an ownCloud instance</a> just to transfer my calendar data from one phone to another.</p>
<p>CalDAV uses the open format iCalendar to store calendar events in files with <strong>.ics</strong> extension. There is an App called iCal Import/Export 2.1, but this is only available in Google Play, not F-Droid. I checked out <a href="https://code.google.com/p/ical-import-export/source/checkout">the source code</a>, written by Lukas Aichbauer, but found out that unlike the App (also published by Lukas Aichbauer), the code is not working for Android &gt; 4.0, probably because the Calendar API changed and the developer decided to went closed source with it,<del> which is actually a violation of <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html" rel="nofollow">GNU GPL v3.</a> I wrote him a mail, lets see</del>. Update 19.09.2015: Received a mail from Lukas about this topic: According to him and his <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5419923/can-gpl-be-re-licensed">reference from stack overflow</a>: If the copyright owner of the code, that is published with the GNU GPL v3, goes closed source, this is not a violation of GNU GPL v3, because independent of the GPL, Lukas is also the copyright owner of the code, which means he can do whatever he wants with it.  I think he is right with that. So legally, this seems bullet proof.</p>
<p>Since I am working with Android code during the week, I thought I could fix the issue with Android version &gt; 4.0 directly in the available source code and contribute to the open source project, but lost interest  after 30 minutes, because I did not enjoy the structure of the code. If the author does not hand out the source code, I might write a small app that works for new and old devices and is available in F-Droid as well. But then we are already far from: &#8220;Time is short. Keep it simple&#8221;.</p>
<p><strong>Synchronizing the Calendar: How I finally did it</strong><br />
Ok, this was basically consuming half of the day. To summarize what worked in order to transfer calendar events to the Fairphone is:</p>
<ol>
<li>@Samsung S2: Install iCal Import/Export 2.1 and export the default Calendar of the Samsung S2 called &#8220;My calendar&#8221; from Samsung, which cannot be syncronized via CalDAV, except one moves each and every event manually to another calendar. Result: An .ics file that can be moved to the desktop computer via drag &amp; drop or by using adb pull /mnt/sdcard/myCal.ics /home/myself/Downloads/myCal.ics</li>
<li>@Ubuntu: In Mozialla Thunderbird, install the Add on &#8220;Lightning&#8221; and create a new calendar: &#8220;ownCloud Calendar&#8221;. and use the CalDAV service URL from the ownCloud instance ( Take a look at <a href="http://doc.owncloud.org/server/5.0/user_manual/calendars.html#synchronising-calendars-with-caldav">the ownCloud documentation</a> for details).The URL will look like this: http://192.168.0.32/owncloud/remote.php/caldav/calendars/myself/defaultcalendar</li>
<li>@Ubuntu: Import myCal.ics to the calendar and press the synchronize button to send the imported events to the ownCloud server.</li>
</ol>
<p>4. @Fairphone:  Install the CalDav Sync adapter with the same URL (including ownCloud username and password). If you don&#8217;t want to write such long URLs with the device keyboard, you can connect to the computer via USB and execute:</p>
<p>adb shell input text http://192.168.0.32/owncloud/remote.php/caldav/calendars/myself/defaultcalendar</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Just wait a while and all the events should finally be available on the Fairphone. After this experience, I got the impression that paper-based events and schedules might not be the worst option, if it is a private calendar and it should be simple. <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/2.4/72x72/1f642.png" alt="🙂" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
<p>That&#8217;s it for the day. Come and join me in the next  round when I try to migrate Contacts, Notes and Messages.</p>
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		<title>Freiheit nehmen im Cyberspace. #1: Vorsätze</title>
		<link>https://blog.diebin.at/1484/freiheit-nehmen-im-cyberspace-1-vorsatze</link>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Jan 2014 13:40:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andyka]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Freiheit nehmen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Projekte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Freiraum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Selbstorganisation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.diebin.at/?p=1484</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Einer meiner Vorsätze 2014 ist, Kontrolle über die digitalen Werkzeuge zu bekommen, die ich im täglichen Leben verwende, also: meine Gadgets (PC,Smartphone,Netzwerke). Und über die Gewohnheiten im Netz. Der Jänner ist der Monat, wo man sich an die Vorsätze vom<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span><div class="read-more"><a href="https://blog.diebin.at/1484/freiheit-nehmen-im-cyberspace-1-vorsatze">Read more &#8250;</a></div><!-- end of .read-more -->]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://blog.diebin.at/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/freiheit_nehmen.jpg"><img class="aligncenter  wp-image-1485" alt="freiheit_nehmen" src="https://blog.diebin.at/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/freiheit_nehmen-e1389532647565-768x1024.jpg" width="199" height="265" srcset="https://blog.diebin.at/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/freiheit_nehmen-e1389532647565-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://blog.diebin.at/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/freiheit_nehmen-e1389532647565-225x300.jpg 225w" sizes="(max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px" /></a></p>
<p>Einer meiner Vorsätze 2014 ist, Kontrolle über die digitalen Werkzeuge zu bekommen, die ich im täglichen Leben verwende, also: meine Gadgets (PC,Smartphone,Netzwerke). Und über die Gewohnheiten im Netz. Der Jänner ist der Monat, wo man sich an die Vorsätze vom Jahreswechsel noch erinnert und guten Willen zeigen möchte. Noch dazu bekam ich diese Woche endlich das <a href="http://www.fairphone.com/">Fairphone</a> zugeschickt, das mit seinem &#8220;You together with 10,185 other people helped make Fairphone possible&#8221;, aufgedruckt an der Innenseite der Akku-Abdeckung, an mein Verantwortungsgefühl appeliert hat, vor allem weil Fairphone eher ein Symbol als eine Tatsache ist. Mehr zum Fairphone ein anderes mal, jetzt erstmal generell:</p>
<p><span id="more-1484"></span></p>
<p><strong>In den Wolken&#8230;.</strong></p>
<p>Viele meiner Freundinnen und ich haben sich lange genug von den gratis-Angeboten großer Anbieter verführen lassen. Und tatsächlich ist es praktisch, seine Dokumente auf der Dropbox zu sichern, damit sie auf allen Geräten zur Verfügung stehen. Es zerstreut die Zeit, wenn man durch Facebook im ständigen Austausch mit FreundInnen und Bekannten und gar-nicht-so-bekannten ist, über das was einem gerade bewegt, oder das, was plötzlich im Feed aufpoppt, von blutigen Szenerien aus Syrien, zu Babyphotos, zu Wechsel im Beziehungsstatus, zum massenhaften Aussenden nahezu gleich klingender Geburtstagsglückwünsche. Ihr merkt den polemischer werdenden Unterton beim Aufzählen? Lassen wir mal beiseite, dass in solchen Plattformen Jade und Plastik wüst zusammengemischt sind, denn den Plattformen ist technisch und organisatorisch nahezu egal, welcher Content wie veröffentlicht wird. Jede Kommunikation enthält einen Beziehungsaspekt und einen Sachaspekt, weiß man aus der Kommunikationstheorie à la Watzlawick. Der Unterschied wird in der Kommunikation unter Abwesenden jedoch nivelliert, und dann neu aufgemacht, da man nur über Artefakte kommunizieren kann. Oder anders gesagt: Relevant ist zunächst die Unterscheidung von Inhalt und Adressat. Der Inhalt wird verschlagwortet, die Adressaten als Graphen visualisiert. Beides wird kombiniert und in Zielgruppen zusammengefasst. &#8220;Jungfrau (40), männlich, sucht…&#8221; ist eine Zielgruppe, Matrix-Fans eine andere, dann Leute die über Rotwein reden und gern Hüte tragen, einen Link auf Heise posten, usw. Jede noch so belanglose Nachricht erhält Bedeutung dadurch, dass sie ein Bedürfnis signalisiert, oder zumindest werden die Daten so aufbereitet, dass man ein Bedürfnis findet. Das Bedürfnis wird Firmen gezeigt. Das Angebot ist: &#8220;Wollt ihr nicht speziell den Matrix-Fans eure schwarzen Ledermäntel, und den 40-jährigen Jungfrauen eure Schuhe mit Charme anbieten?&#8221; So können Firmen nahezu instantan auf Wechsel der Bedürfnislage, der Geschmäcker, etc. reagieren, um den Warenverkehr anzukurbeln.</p>
<p><strong>Stabilität durch Irritation<br />
</strong></p>
<p>Die Gleichgültigkeit der Plattformen hat auch positive Seiten: Sie macht Diskussionen halb-öffentlich, die früher und auch heute noch in kleineren Stammtisch-Kreisen oder im häuslichen Umfeld der Familie stattfinden. Intransparenz und Unmöglichkeit, seinen Bedürfnissen Ausdruck zu verleihen war ja eine Kritik, die mit dem Slogan &#8220;Das Private ist politisch&#8221; angesprochen wurde. Man braucht keinen Filter durch Stellvertreterinnen, sondern lässt seinen Gedanken instantan, unmittelbar, direkt seinen Lauf, und gibt damit allen eine Stimme, auch denen, die nicht so organisiert sind, nicht über die Expertise, die Zeit, das Geld, und die Geduld verfügen, eine Organisation aufzubauen (vorausgesetzt, die haben Zugang zum Internet).</p>
<p>Doch wenn der Geheimdienst und der Heimatschutz und verschiedenste Firmen mithören, ist das Private tatsächlich politisch geworden &#8211; und ökonomisch schon lange. Es ist als ob die Mini-Proteste (die Frustrationen denen man mit Hilfe von Statusmeldungen Ausdruck verleiht), die Asymmetrie von Organisation und Menschen nur noch mehr stabilisieren. Das System immunisiert sich, weil jede kleine Nachricht eine Ankündigung für etwas Größeres ist, das man durch Gegensteuern schon im Keim ersticken kann. &#8220;Und alles was kommt, damit kommen sie auch noch klar&#8221;, singt Maike Rosa Vogel in &#8220;Faule Menschen&#8221;. Nur global gesehen ändert sich nichts, wir steuern der nächsten Katastrophe zu, um es mal dramatisch auszudrücken.</p>
<p>Es ist gar nicht so schlecht, taktisch statt strategisch zu handeln, sich weiterwurschteln, anstatt einen Plan zu entwickeln, könnte man einwenden. Immerhin sind die globalen Interaktionen so verflochten, dass der Zweck einer guten Intention leicht durch eine Reihe von Nebenwirkungen in Frage gestellt wird.</p>
<p>Deshalb, sagen andere, ist es Zeit, die Anzahl der Interaktionen einzuschränken und erstmal eine lokale Community zu bilden, die funktioniert. Für die überschaubare Community lassen sich dann konkrete Pläne und Strategien ausarbeiten, die später in anderen Bereichen angewendet werden können, sich weiterentwickeln usw.</p>
<p>&#8220;Nur ist das nicht ein Schritt zurück?&#8221;, kann man einwenden. &#8220;Hatten wir das nicht schon?&#8221; Die lokalen Communities, so wie die Nationalstaaten, die sich abkapseln, um für sich das Beste herauszuholen. Damit entsteht eine Dynamik der Konkurrenz und manchmal des Chauvinismus, die dann, weil man nicht ohne die anderen kann, es aber nicht so direkt sagen darf, in komplizierte implizite Verflechtungen umkippt, die niemand mehr versteht, und die Individuen zu dem Kontrollverlust führen, den ich beklage.</p>
<p><strong>Freiheit nimmt man sich</strong></p>
<p>Mein Versuch in der Blogserie, die in diesem Artikel eingeleitet wird, möchte einen Gedanken aufgreifen, der von &#8220;Jaques Ranciere &#8211; Der unwissende Lehrmeister. Fünf Lektionen über die intellektuelle Emanzipation&#8221; inspiriert ist:</p>
<p>Organisationen, die Ungleichheit herstellen wird es immer geben. Wir brauchen uns gar nicht die Illusion machen, dass eine Gesellschaft, die von den Individuen fordert, die Ungleichheit zu reduzieren,  zu gleichberechtigten und intelligenten Partnern führt. Im Gegenteil: Eine &#8220;Gesellschaft der Gleichheit&#8221; führt zu Ungleichheit der Individuen. Vor der Plattform sind alle User gleich, gleich dumm nämlich, und untereinander beanstanden sie die Dummheit der jeweils anderen. Und was ist das Resultat? Sich aufschaukelnde Massenphänomene, Memes bestehend aus Katzenbildern &#8211; Nachrichten, die sich wie Billardkugeln verhalten und Kettenreaktionen erzeugen. &#8220;Man hat keine Vernunft von der gesellschafltichen Gesamtheit zu erwarten&#8221;. Das setzt der Idee von der Schwarmintelligenz und Gamification Grenzen, die nur auf Anziehung und Abstoßung basiert. Gesetze der sozialen Schwerkraft, könnte man sagen.  Es macht jedoch keinen Sinn, sich zu beklagen, die oben genannten Phänomene gehören zu unserer Zeit.</p>
<p>Genauso bei der Frage der Überwachung. Anstatt uns zu beklagen, so wie etwa die beiden Petitionen gegen Überwachung, von Akademikerinnen und Schriftstellerinnen unterschrieben (siehe <a href="https://www.change.org/de/Petitionen/die-demokratie-verteidigen-im-digitalen-zeitalter">Change.org</a> und <a href="http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/netzpolitik/aufruf-wissenschaftler-gegen-ueberwachung-a-941705.html">Spiegel</a>), springen wir freiwillig in den Wahnsinn rein, lernen seine Sprache, und diskutieren aufmerksam die Probleme die wir haben.  Es geht nicht um die <em>Forderung nach</em> Gleichheit, nach Demokratischen Verhältnissen, sondern um die <em>Annahme der Gleichheit</em>, die ich in konkreten Situationen praktiziere. Ich nehme an, dass die Menschen, denen ich durch die verschiedenen Rollen des gesellschaftlichen Lebens in Ungleichheit begegne, prinzipiell gleich sind.</p>
<p>Oder um es kurz zu sagen: Es geht darum, dass wir uns selbst und gegenseitig mehr zutrauen. Wir sind beherrscht von dem Gedanken übermächtiger Wolken und Datensammlungen, von verstrickten Netzwerken, die da draußen sind und unsere Kommunikation ordnen. Dabei sollten wir sie selbst ordnen. Ich möchte das in der do-it-yourself-Manier versuchen. OK, ich sehe ein, dass ich abhängig bin von der herrschenden Ordnung, doch nur insofern, indem ich mit ihrer Hilfe, an dem von ihr zugeordneten Platz, die Aufmerksamkeit für Gelegenheiten schärfe, mein Leben in die eigene Hand zu nehmen. Anstatt mir durch die kleinen Verlockungen gesellschaftlicher Ordnungen meine Umlaufbahn, meinen Zeitablauf, diktieren zu lassen, geht es darum, die Ordnung, die Cloud, die Gadgets, die Webapplikationen, die Datenaggregation zu verwenden, um in meiner Umlaufbahn zu drehen, in Auseinandersetzung mit den Umlaufbahnen anderer. Es geht nicht primär darum, eine Organisation zu schaffen und Prozesse einzusetzen, um die asymmetrisch verteilte Macht und Risiken neu aufzuteilen, sondern darum, sich selbst in dieser Asymmetrie Möglichkeiten freizuspielen und andere in diesem Spiel zu inspirieren (was dann zu einer Neuaufteilung führen kann). Freiheit muss man sich nehmen, sie in Auseinandersetzung gewinnen. Sie ist kein Service der Gesellschaft, nicht etwas, das wir fordern können. Sie benötigt die Bemühung und Aufmerksamkeit der Einzelnen, manifestiert sich in Werken, und möchte von anderen erraten und verifiziert werden. Und sie ist flüchtig, entschwindet den Organisationen durch Netze hindurch, findet erstaunliche Orte um zu gedeihen.</p>
<p>Demnächst mehr hands-on Beiträge.</p>
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